Technical and Economic Assessment of PV Resource Based DC and AC Connected Behind the Meter System for Residential Load
Keywords:
Energy prediction, Rooftop crsytalline solar cells, Solar Photovoltaic, Solar radiationAbstract
Electric-energy storage using the behind-the-meter system is presently considered as a beneficial scheme of providing renewable energy to the grid. Presently mandates are introduced and subsidies are proposed for adoption of such systems in various countries. In this work solar photovoltaics (PV) array with behind the-meter storage is taken under consideration and presenting an analysis of the benefit of systems installed by customer in Lucknow, U.P, India. Variety of dispatch strategies, including automated peak-shaving & manual scheduling are investigated for determining the best mode to use for the system of energy storage that helps in increasing the value of system and mitigating the demand charges. Recent ongoing electric tariffs, and site-specific load and weather database are integrated for performing a accurate analysis by utilizing the open access, publicly available tool known as System Advisor Model (SAM). It has been found that installation of PV structures with a lithium-ion battery system capable to yields positive net-present values with consideration of high demand charge utility rate structures and dispatching the batteries utilization under day-ahead forecasting. Conclusions about influential factors to determine the net present value considered that shows high sensitivity of economics of battery to the combination with system parameters at specific location.
Downloads
References
M. Asif and T. Muneer, “ Energy supply, its demand and security issues for developed and emerging economies,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2007; 11(7): 1388-1413.
G. Pepermans, J. Driesen, D. Haeseldonckx, R. Belmans, and W. D’haeseleer, “Distributed generation: definition, benefits and issues,” Energy Policy 2005; 33(6): 787-798
Gianfranco Chicco, Pieluigi Mancarella, “Distributed multi-generation: a comprehensive view,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2009; 13(3): 535-551.
N. L. Panwar, S. C. Kaushik, and Surendra Kothari, “Role of renewable energy sources in environmental protection: a review,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2011; 15(3): 1513-1524.
Vikas Khare, Savita Nema, and Prashant Barendar, “Status of solar wind renewable energy in India,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2013; 27: 1-10.
D. Connolly, H. Lund, B. V. Mathiesen, and M. Leahy, “A review of computer tools for analysing the integration of renewable energy into various energy systems,” Applied Energy 2010; 87(4): 1059-1082.
Sunanda Sinha and S. S. Chandel. “Review of software tools for hybrid renewable energy systems,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2014; 32: 192-205.
National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL): Energy Analysis-Models and Tools. http://www.nrel.gov/analysis/models_tools.html>
Blair, N., Dobos, A., Freeman, J., Neises, T., Wagner, M., Ferguson,T., Gilman, and P., Janzou, S., 2014. “System Advisor Model,” SAM 2014.1.14: General Description”. NREL/TP-6A20-61019. National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Golden, CO.http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/61019.pdf
System Advisor Model Version 2017.9.5 (SAM 2017.9.5). National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Golden, CO.https://sam.nrel.gov/content/downloads
Blair, N., Dobos, A., Freeman, J., Neises, T., Wagner, M., Ferguson, T., Gilman, and P., Janzou, S., 2014. “System Advisor Model, SAM 2014.1.14: General Description,”. NREL/TP-6A20-61019. National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Golden, CO. http:// www.nrel.gov/ docs/ fy14osti/ 61019.pdf
Dobos, A.P., 2014, “PVWatts Version 5 Manual,” National Renewable Energy Laboratory, NREL/ TP-6A20-62641, http:// www.nrel.gov/ docs/ fy14osti/ 62641.pdf.Philip B. Kurland and Ralph Lerner, eds., The Founders’ Constitution. Chicago, IL, USA: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1987, Accessed on: Feb. 28, 2010, [Online] Available: http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/
http://www. energy- transitioninstitute.com / Insights/ SolarPhotovoltaic.html “Solar PV FactBook 2017,A.T. Kearney Energy Transition Institute”
http:/ /www. energy-transitioninstitute.com /media/Images/SBC%20Energy%20Institute/SolarPhotovolt aic/new/Solar%20Figure%202.JPG “Solar PV FactBook 2017, A.T. Kearney Energy Transition Institute”
http://www. energy- transitioninstitute.com /media/Images/ SBC%20Energy%20 Institute/ Solar Photovoltaic/new/Solar% 20Figure% 201.JPG ,Solar PV Fact Book 2017, A.T. Kearney Energy Transition Institute”
Gilman, P. (2015) “SAM Photovoltaic Model Technical Reference,” National Renewable Energy laboratory (NREL), May. Available at: http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy15osti/64102.pdf.
Dobos, A (2012) “An improved Coefficient Calculator for the California Energy Commission 6 Parameter Photovoltaic Module Model,” Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, 132(2).
DiOrio, N., Dobos, A., and Janzou, S. (2015). “Economic analysis case studies of battery energy storage with SAM (No. NREL/TP-6A20-64987),” National Renewable Energy Lab.(NREL), Golden, CO (United States).
Gul, E., Baldinelli, G., Bartocci, P., Bianchi, F., Piergiovanni, D., Cotana, F., and Wang, J. (2022). “A techno-economic analysis of a solar PV and DC battery storage system for a community energy sharing,” Energy, 244, 123191.
Boretti, A., and Castelletto, S. (2023). “Cost of solar and wind electricity made dispatchable through hydrogen, thermal, and battery energy storage in NEOM City,” International Journal of Energy and Water Resources, 1-18.
Turchi, C., and Wagner, M. (2012). “Power tower reference plant for cost modeling with the system advisor model (SAM),” In Proceedings of the World Renewable Energy Forum, WREF (Vol. 4, pp. 2598-2605).
Guédez, R., Spelling, J., Laumert, B., and Fransson, T. (2014). “Optimization of thermal energy storage integration strategies for peak power production by concentrating solar power plants,” Energy Procedia, 49, 1642-1651.
Saracoglu, B. O., Ohunakin, O. S., Adelekan, D. S., Gill, J., Atiba, O. E., Okokpujie, I. P., and Atayero, A. A. (2018). “A framework for selecting the location of very large photovoltaic solar power plants on a global/supergrid,” Energy Reports, 4, 586-602.
Elkadeem, M. R., Younes, A., Mazzeo, D., Jurasz, J., Campana, P. E., Sharshir, S. W., and Alaam, M. A. (2022). “Geospatial-assisted multi-criterion analysis of solar and wind power geographical-technical-economic potential assessment,” Applied Energy, 322, 119532.
Tercan, E., Dereli, M. A., and Saracoglu, B. O. (2022). “Location alternatives generation and elimination of floatovoltaics with virtual power plant designs,” Renewable Energy, 193, 1150-1163.
Chandel,T.A., Yasin, M.Y., and Mallick, M.A.(2023, March), “Impact of Parasitic Resistance on Modelling and Performance of Solar Photovoltaic Module,” In 2023 International Conference on Device Intelligence, Computing and Communication Technologies, (DICCT) pp.22-27.IEEE.
Siddiqui, M.K.,Yadav, G., Wasti, A.S., and Ansari, M.A. (2022, June).), “Performance Analysis of Power Flow Controller used for Solar PV based grid integrated system” In 2022 2nd International Conference on Emerging Frontiers in Electrical and Electronic Technologies (ICEFEET) 1-5. IEEE.
K H Aftab, M Y Yasin, and M. Asim (2023, April), “DC Connected Solar Plus Storage Systems: An Overview,” In 2023 International Conference on Power, Instrumentation, Energy and Control (PIECON)) 10-12 Feb. 2023 1-6. IEEE Xplore, doi : 10.1109/PIECON56912.2023.10085778.
Chandel,T.A., Mallick, M.A., and Yasin, M.Y., (2021). “Performance Analysis of Rooftop Grid Connected Solar Photovoltaic System,” Advanced Aspects of Engineering Research, BP Publication, 13, 156-181.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
All papers should be submitted electronically. All submitted manuscripts must be original work that is not under submission at another journal or under consideration for publication in another form, such as a monograph or chapter of a book. Authors of submitted papers are obligated not to submit their paper for publication elsewhere until an editorial decision is rendered on their submission. Further, authors of accepted papers are prohibited from publishing the results in other publications that appear before the paper is published in the Journal unless they receive approval for doing so from the Editor-In-Chief.
IJISAE open access articles are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. This license lets the audience to give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made and if they remix, transform, or build upon the material, they must distribute contributions under the same license as the original.