Data Privacy and Compliance Issues in Cloud Computing: Legal and Regulatory Perspectives
Keywords:
cloud computing; data privacy; GDPR; CCPA; HIPAA; shared responsibility; data localization; confidential computingAbstract
Cloud computing has revolutionized how organizations store, process and share data. However, the use of cloud services introduces complex data privacy and compliance challenges from legal and regulatory standpoints. This paper explores the key data protection laws and regulations impacting cloud computing, including the EU's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), and industry-specific requirements like the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS). It examines the shared responsibility model between cloud providers and customers, jurisdictional considerations, international data transfers, vendor management, incident response obligations, and auditing/monitoring of cloud environments. The paper also discusses evolving trends such as the increased focus on data localization laws and the growing adoption of secure enclaves and confidential computing. Finally, it provides recommendations for organizations to navigate this complex landscape through robust governance frameworks, risk assessments, contractual safeguards with cloud service providers, and transparency with end-users. Effectively addressing data privacy and compliance issues is essential for organizations to reap the benefits of cloud computing while protecting sensitive information and upholding their legal and ethical duties.
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