An Environmental Fate and Transport Modeling Study of Engineered Nanoparticles in Aquatic–Terrestrial Systems.
Keywords:
Nanoparticles, Environmental Fate, Transport Modeling, Sedimentation, Aggregation, Ecotoxicology, Risk AssessmentAbstract
Rapid advancements in nanotechnology have led to an increased diffusion of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) into environmental compartments. In order to assess the hazard, it is necessary to understand their movement, transformation, and accumulation. This study investigates a theoretical multiphase transport model for nanoparticles in aquatic, terrestrial, sedimentary, and biological compartments. The model includes advection, diffusion, aggregation, sedimentation, and degradation. A simulated study has been performed for silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs), and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs). The results show that the particle size, zeta potential, and ambient pH have a substantial impact on the transport behavior. Smaller nanoparticles (<30 nm) were more mobile, while bigger aggregated particles were mostly trapped in sediments. Model predictions indicate that sediments in aquatic ecosystems act as persistent repositories for manufactured nanoparticles. They contribute to the field of environmental nanotoxicology and help develop predictive mechanisms to control risks associated with nanoparticles.
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